Students gain an understanding of how commercial banks, investment banks, insurance companies, pension funds, mutual funds, and other financial institutions support economic development and facilitate the efficient movement of capital. The module also explores how these institutions interact with governments, businesses, and consumers while maintaining financial stability.

This module examines the factors that influence interest rates within domestic and international financial markets. Students explore monetary policy, inflation, central banking, market expectations, and macroeconomic conditions while understanding how interest rate movements affect borrowing, investment decisions, mortgages, business financing, and economic growth.

Students learn how bond markets function and how governments and corporations raise capital through debt securities. The module also investigates the role of credit rating agencies and the ethical challenges associated with ratings, conflicts of interest, transparency, and investor confidence, particularly following the Global Financial Crisis.

This module introduces equity markets and the relationship between investment risk and expected returns. Students learn how investors evaluate shares, diversify portfolios, and make investment decisions while balancing profitability against market uncertainty.

Students explore competing theories about how financial markets operate. Topics include market efficiency, investor psychology, behavioural biases, irrational market behaviour, insider trading regulations, and how human decision-making influences asset prices.

This module explains how companies raise capital through Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) and secondary offerings while examining ethical considerations surrounding disclosure, investor protection, market manipulation, and corporate transparency.

Students study internationally recognised ethical principles developed by the CFA Institute. The module emphasizes integrity, professionalism, client confidentiality, fiduciary responsibility, conflicts of interest, and maintaining public confidence within financial markets.

The final module evaluates the lessons learned from major financial crises, particularly the 2008 Global Financial Crisis. Students examine regulatory reforms, systemic risk management, capital adequacy requirements, international banking regulations, and the growing importance of ESG and sustainable finance in today's financial environment.